Juvenile Detention Makes Teens Worse Essays -- juvenile justice system

There are numerous critics of the juvenile justice outline, and plot of ground most of their denunciations remain the same as those of the justice system at large, an ample portion of their criticisms revolve around the claim that incarcerating young people not only doesnt work in deterring or rehabilitating them, still makes them worse and leads to adult misconduct. A report noted that youth sent to juvenile prison were 37 times more likely to be arrested as adults (Szalavitz, 2009). Another major problem some cite with the juvenile justice system is that most delinquent offends have some form of mental illness, and that while studies have shown that mental health treatment would be a better alternative, they are simply ignored or incarcerated (Ramirez, 2008), completely contradictory to the core value of the juvenile justice system which stresses rehabilitation and restitution above all else. N forevertheless, it is obvious that there are flaws in the system, and how glaringly o bvious they may be depends on ones perception. A host of various cases show that the state of juvenile justice does not match up with current times and circumstances that resist from the time the system was set in place. Youths now are engaged in severe violent crimes, gang activity, and a multitude of other evil that depict a shift in the social and cultural ambience of the country. With that said, it seems apparent that the system needs to adapt to these current changes, but before that happens (if it ever does) there are many juvenile delinquents that that have been failed by the system in place. One of these people is Quantel Lotts. Like most kids who grow up in improvised urban areas across the United States, Quantel Lotts was raised in an environment ... ...e of Justice .Initiative, E. J. (2007). Cruel and Unusual Sentencing 13 and 14- Year- Old Children to Die in prison house . Montgomery Equal Justice Initiative .Liptak, A., & Petak, L. F. (2011, April 20). Juvenile Kill ers in Jail for Life Seek a Reprieve. The New York Times .Lotts, Q. (2012, March 19). tried as an adult and locked away for life at age 14. (E. Pilkington, Interviewer)National Institute of Mental Health . (2011). The Teen Brain Still Under Construction . Besthesda U.S. incision of Health and HUman Services .Ramirez, F. (2008, April/May). Juvenile Delinquency Current Issues, Best Practices, and Promising Approaches. GPSOLO .Steinberg, L. D. (1987). Family processes at adolescence A developmental perspective. Family Therapy, 77-86.Szalavitz, M. (2009, August 07). Why Juvenile handle Makes Teens Worse. Time Magazine.

The Life and Writings of Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Authors

Edgar Allan Poe is a historied poet from the 1800. He was born in Boston, mum on January 19, 1809. His parents were David and Elizabeth Poe. David was born in Baltimore on July 18, 1784. Elizabeth Arnold came to the U.S. from England in 1796 and married David Poe after her first husband died in 1805. They had three children, Henry, Edgar, and Rosalie. Elizabeth Poe died in 1811, when Edgar was two years old. Giordeno besides mentioned, She had separated from her husband and had taken her three kids with her. Henry went to live with his grandparents while Edgar was adopted by Mr. and Mrs. trick Allan and Rosalie was taken in by another family. John Allan was a successful merchant, so Edgar grew up in good surroundings and went to good schools (Giordeno).Before Poe became a writer he was enrolled in the army at eight teen years old, but he did not stay long her was soon dismissed. Poe was very poor while he was living and did not become famous until after his death in 1849. He is mo st famous for writing border line horror stories and poems. Some of his most famous poems are The Tell-Tale Heart, The go through, The Fall of the House of Usher, and The Pit and the Pendulum. In The Raven Poe discusses many different literary terms. The three that stand out the most is symbolism, tragedy, and beauty.In The Raven Poe uses symbolism. One way he demonstrates symbolism is the bust of Pallas. Poe explains about the bust of Pallas when he says, Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my bedroom door -Perched, and sat, and nothing more (Poe l41-l42). Courson thinks that the bust of Pallas symbolizes intellect, Then Remorse enters, and fixes itself firmly on his mind, the bust of Pallas, the emblem of intellect. (Courson) However, Za... ...emy of American Poets, 2012. Web. 12 Jan 2012.Smith, Dave. Edgar Allan Poe and the Nightmare Ode. southern Humanities Review 29.1 (Winter 1995) 4-10. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 117. Detr oit Gale, 2003. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.Wardrop, Daneen. Quoting the Signifier Nevermore Fort Da, Pallas, and Desire in Language. ESQ A Journal of the American renascence 44.4 (1998) 274-299. Rpt. in Poetry Criticism. Ed. Timothy J. Sisler. Vol. 54. Detroit Gale, 2004. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.Zayed, Georges. The Symbolism of the Poems. The Genius of Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge, Mass. Schenkman Publishing, 1985. 127-136. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 117. Detroit Gale, 2003. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

Essays --

Now I can say with confidence that I had never figured out when people suffer from the unsatisfactory loss of a person dear to them. For my part it used to be sympathy, solicitude. When this happened to me, when my grandmother died, I started to realize the anguish people felt when their loved ones drop dead away. This unbearable pain which rips you apart, it feels like a heavy stone in your heart and makes you weep each time you recall a deceased family member. cartridge holder is unlikely to soothe this pain, no matter what others say.Every morning I wake up thinking that she is in the dining room drinking her java and watching her favorite TV shows. All of a sudden the truth starts rushing up and I come to realize that it was just a ambition which was still hanging around me. In spite of my outward calmness, I felt as if there was a big hole inside me. My grandmothers death was truly a sobering event and the most traumatic loss in my life. The commemoration of my grandmother will always be with me wherever I go and always tinting my dreams with her gentle smell of rosemary and the glittering silve...

Charles Manson Essay -- essays research papers fc

"Mr. Scott, Ms. Maddox? Heres your tike boy" These were the first words that Kathleen Maddox heard when she gave birth to a healthy baby boy, to whom she would later give her maiden name. Charles Milles Manson, born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 11, 1934 (FAQs 1), seemed to be a normal child, when, in fact, he was trouble from the start. The two had not plotted to have a child, and certainly did not expect him to end up being the most notorious killer of the 20th century. In the summer of 1969, Manson make the residents of California afraid to leave their homes (Fillmer 2). Charlie Manson committed grotesque crimes, controlled his trials, and now resides in the California State Prison (FAQs 1).     Manson had a rocky childhood and family life. Some experts think that he was a bad seed because of the fact that he did not know his father (Bugliosi 28). Kathleen Maddox was considered by some to be a teenage whore. just about his mother, Manson says, &q uotFor Mom, life was filled with a never-ending list of denialsIn her search for acceptance she may have fallen in love too substantially and too often, but a whore at that time? NoIn later years, because of some hard knocks and tough times, she may have sell her body some" Charlie lived with his mother until the age of 5, when she was arrested for armed robbery (FAQs 1). She was released from prison in 1942. Manson, after living with various relatives, such as a phantasmal aunt and a sadistic uncle who called him a sissy and made him wear girls clothes on the first day of school ("Charles"), moved back in with his mother for five more years. At that time, she placed him at the Gibault School for Boys in Indiana. After escaping from the School, he committed several burglaries and was placed into the famous Boys townsfolk in Nebraska (FAQs 1). After being arrested several more times, one of which he was caught in a stolen car at a roadblock (Fillmer 2), he was married to Rosalie Willis in 1955. Lamb 2Charles marriage was only the beginning of his "family." Charlie tended to lure in young women, by saying he could "make them determine like they were on top of the world, like they were floating (Fillmer 3)." Manson used sleep deprivation, sex, food control, and drugs to gain complete control of his followers ("Charles"). The Family tended to ... ...ne, when asked what he would do if he ever got out of jail, he said, "Im already out" (FAQs 2). WORKS CITEDBardsley, Marilyn. "Charles Manson." http//www.crimelibrary.com/manson.htm (24 Jan. 2000).Bugliosi, Vincent, and C. Gentry. Helter Skelter. 16th ed. New York Bantam Books, 1974."Charles Milles Manson." <http//www.geocities.com/Area51/Corridor/5321/manson.html> (13 Feb. 2000). "Charlie." <http//www.geocities.com/Area51/Dreamworld/1681/charles.htm> (13 Feb. 2000). Fillmer, Deborah K. "Forensic Science and the Charles Manson Murders. " < http//www.cris.com/ dfillmer/manson.htm > (20 Jan. 2000)."Frequently Asked Questions about Charles Manson." < http//www.atwa.com/faq.htm > (20 Jan. 2000).Gilmore, John, and Ron Kenner. The scraps People. Los Angeles Omega Press, 1971.Klinghoffer, David. "True Crime." National Review 5 April 1999 56-57.Nelson, Bill. Manson Behind the Scenes. California Pen Power Publications, 1997.Sanders, Edwin. The Family. 1st ed. Toronto Clarke, Irwin, and Company, 1971.Terry, Marcus. The Ultimate Evil. 2nd ed. New York Bantam Books, 1989.

Deluded Pursuit in Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus :: Doctor Faustus Essays

Deluded Pursuit in Christopher Marlowes Doctor FaustusAlthough Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus has outclassed every one at Wittenberg with his academic studies, he is still but Faustus, a man. Proud of his accomplishments, he desires to become a superman. His judgment clouded by the sin of his pride, he misunderstands his knowledge and dismisses the disciplines of medicine, philosophy, law, and divinity. He lusts for Gods competency to make men live eternally or being dead raise them to life again, believing the devils arts of magic and necromancy can go away the power, honour, omnipotence and, most importantly, the wealth he craves. His deluded pursuit of the immediate pleasures such wealth can yield brings upon himself the risk of eternal damnation. By conjuring the devil, Faustus removes himself from the influence of the consecrate Ghost and Gods love, instigating attacks of despair, and internal conflicts as personified by the Good and Bad Angels. Faustus hunger for immedi ate gratification suggests immense self-torment and self-denial. Weighing his options at each insistent of time, he maximizes his pleasure and minimizes his pain, apparently discounting the implications of his decisions on his prospects and happiness in the future. Rebelling against God, he invites the devils temptations, hoping to obtain an offer like Satans to Jesus in the desert wilderness. One understands wherefore Satan imputes an infinite value to Christs soul. However, why does Faustus soul warrant twenty-four years of service by Mephostophilis? Faustus, too, is a superior being. He consciously removes the pas de deux of academia, and exerts his free will. After freely entering into his contract with Lucifer, he repeatedly considers repenting. When he calls on Christ to help save distressed Faustus soul, the evil triad of Lucifer, Belzebub, and Mephostophilis appear, possibly to tear him to pieces. Under duress, he vows, never to name God or pray to him. However, with onl y one-half hour left on earth, he calls on God. Faustus, forever the horse trader, tries to strike a deal with God. He asks God, for Christs sake and blood, to limit his time in hell from a thousand to a hundred thousand years.

Crime And Punishment :: essays research papers

In the novel Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky portrays the main character, Raskolnikov, in a complicated and unique fashion. He could have been portrayed as the good guy, bad guy, or just your average man on the street, barely Raskolnikov is displayed with more than peerless persona. "It would have been much easier for Raskolnikov to explain his weekness, but it was more pleasant for him to consider himself a strong man" (Chizhevsky 164). Raskolnikovs aspiration reveals that his personality is complex and icon sided. His range of actions and emotions are more of a Dr. Jekyl and Mr. Hyde type character. On the outside, he appears to be in control of his raging homicidal tendencies, but he is wide-eyed of turmoil on the inside. Raskolnikovs dream presents these different personas Dostoevsky has given him. His dream also gives the reader a good, inside look into Raskolnikovs interior conflicts (Chizhevky 191). In the beginning of his dream, Raskolnikov is out in the stree t. He seems to be wandering around aimlessly, with no recollection of what he is supposed to be doing or why he is there. Meanwhile, everyone else in the dream is carrying on like nothing is wrong. Before delving into the significance of this scene, the reader must note how important control is to him. He is an extremely exalted man, and needs to be in control of himself and everything around him at all times (Magill 222). In his view, everything in his life should revolve around him. The beginning of the dream represents the loss of this control in his life. It seems that no matter what he says or does, the world will continue to spin, and the people on it continue to go somewhat their everyday business. He can almost be compared to the young teenage girl that he finds wandering in the street due to the fact that whatever actions that this young girl takes makes no difference on the outside world (Chizhevsky 201). It is as though he has been psychologically raped by the murders he has committed, but at this point he is still unaware that he is no longer in control of his situation. No matter how he wants to feel or act, he cannot help his instinctual habits and desires (Mikhailovski 121). For instance, his health starts to fail him and he has this compulsive desire to reveal himself to the authorities and public by turning himself in.

Effect of Anxiety Disorder

EFFECT OF ANXIETY DISORDER Nowadays volume suffer from not only physical healt peoblems but mental problems are also kinda common. concern disorder is one of the mental problem which people face to handle commonly. Therefore what is anxiety disorder ? In article of Anxiety Attacks and Anxiety Disorders explained that Anxiety attacks( panic attacks ), are episodes of intense panic or fear (2012)*. Some Effects of the anxiety disorder are faster heart defeat and breathing,changing social behaviour. Firstly, one of the main effect of anxiety disorder, faster heart overcome and breathing happen with increase adrenalin in human body.Because of the this health problem, people feel always warning and they dont want to meet and see people around. therefore this people want to be simply because they afraid if they can be disgraced. One of the point that people should care,not every faster heart debacle and breathing mean anxiety disorder,faster heart beating and breathing is quite no rmal symptom of human being sensationhowever,anxiety disorder patients have this beating immediatelymoreover,without any symbol. Faster heart beating and breathing is simple and common effect of anxiety disorder problem.Secondly,it is really important and bad effect of anxiety disorderchanging human behaviour. people with anxiety disorder,assume that if they can have panic when they speak or meet someone,As Lyness, PhD state that people who have this illnesses,fear if others dont understand their problemmoreover, if they dont show understandablity,if others can ciriticise his or her behaviour unrighteously. Patient afraid of if they can meet misunderstanding,eventhough the anxiety problem is common,people with the illnesses feel alone and misunderstood (October,2012)**.Anxiety disorder effect of changing behaviour is simulate even people social,school and family life. Finaly,effects of anxiety disorder problem are faster heart beating and changing behaviour change human life profo undly. Although it has under the weather effects,it isnt unrecover illnesses,it has solution. In article Anxiety disorder,according to Mr. Lyness,PhD,steps of treatment are that Tell a parent or other adult about physical sensations, worries, or fears. energise a checkup and make sure wheather it can be physical problem. Work with a mental health professional.Get regular exercise, good nutrition, and sleep(October,2010). RESOURCES **http//kidshealth. org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/anxiety. hypertext mark-up languagea_How_Are_Anxiety_Disorders_Treated_(first one summury from under head of How Anxiety Disorders Affect People, southward paragraph.. second one(in final part) is summary of under head of What to Do in article start from second paragraph. ) - *http//www. helpguide. org/mental/anxiety_types_symptoms_treatment. htm (Under the head of Anxiety attacks and their symptoms,first sentence,direct quatation)

Nvq Business and Admine Lv2 Unit 680

Improve Own Performance in a billet Environment CU681 1. 1 There be a number of guidelines and procedures in place to enable me to do my job non only to the best of my might but in a professional manner. there are procedures that need to be followed relating to various aspects of the job including correct procedures to greet visitors, answer the telephone, dealing with future(prenominal) and outgoing mail, data protection, booking meeting rooms aswell as other procedures. 1. 2 If we blueprint our study we can be more efficient. We have to bunch priorities in order to do most master(prenominal) things first.If we are accountable to others for our own work we are more responsible for the work we do. 1. 3 The figure for agreeing realistic targets for work is to keep everyone on task and focused on accomplishing a target that is obtainable and not out of reach. By doing this everyone can stand effectively and reach targets more efficiently. 1. 4 Agreeing realistic targets shou ld be based on your abilty to complete work and also time should be tken into account. 1. 5 To plan work to meet agreed deadlines you should first priotise what is more chief(prenominal) and less import and set aside more time fore the more important work. . 6 Keeping other people informed about the progress of your work is important so that others know tht deadlines will be kept, if you are tin on work others can step in to help so tht targets are met . 1. 7 Lettings other people know tht work plans have been changed is important because the changes made in your work may affect other peoples work, if they havent been informed this could clear to confusions and ultiemtly missing targets. 1. 8 The types of problems that may occur during your work are computer crashing work not getting saved power cuts photocopier runs out of toner photocopier runs out paper. include 1. 9 You should try to resolve problems yourself if you are not able to do this you should inform a work collea gue and ask for assistance 1. 10 The purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes are that you learn to not get up these mistakes again and also recognise a a mistake much easier and faster. 2. 1 It is extremely important as a member of staff to set last standards for yourself. Your Line Manager will see you as someone who challenges themselves and you will be recognised for the right reasons. . 2 It is important to set last standards for work because it will help you to do the best you can and help you get recognised at work in a positive way. When high standards are set, it can always be a challenge and make you want to achieve it. 2. 3 It is important to take on new challenges and lodge to changes because nothing ever stays the same, things are always changing which means unless you can adapt and change too you will be stuck doing the same things which could past make your life a solidifying harder than it needs to be. . 4 It is important to take on new ch allenges and adapt to changes because nothing ever stays the same, things are always changing which means unless you can adapt and change too you will be stuck doing the same things which could then make your life a lot harder than it needs to be. 2. 5 There are many benefits to treating others with honesty, respect and consideration. The main one is that you will build an excellent working relationship with your colleagues which will lead to efficient work.Another benefit is for your own personal wellbeing as dishonesty, disrespect and a lack of consideration for others can be stressful leading to malady in the workplace. 2. 6 Ones behaviour is vital to the workplace because every person plays an important role in the community. One persons negative outlook can dissipate the progress of those around that person. The workplace can immediately become a hostile environment due to the action or attitude of a single person. 2. 7Ideal types of behaviour that display honesty, respect, and consideration are listening to others ideas and providing thoughtful feedback, being sensitive to the needs of others, seeking a solution that will benefit all, cooperating with co-workers, treating others moderately and with dignity, among many others. Some negative behaviour are belittling co-workers, isolating oneself from the community, ignoring the opinions of others, having a selfish attitude, seeking for self advancement while disregarding the efforts of others, and spread false information about others are other incorrect ways of conducting oneself.

Important Components of Word Processing Software

There are many useful tools in word processing software that can attend one to achieve success in their career such as font settings, highlighting, line spacing, spelling and grammar forbearing, and the ability to implement spreadsheets, tables and graphs. Word processors such as Microsoft Word have many typesetting features to help the user accomplish their goals. Features like contrastive font sizes and the ability to change the color that a phrase is displayed in, grant the user an avenue to express different emphasis on certain phrases with greater ease.Also this can help to organize and make the general reading of a paper more well-off on the reader. Other tools such as highlighting help with this process as well, giving the user a way to point out primal portions of the information contained in the document. Line spacing is yet another tool that can help in the process of making a document easier to read. By using a broader line spacing you make it easier for the eyes to k eep ordinate and follow along the same line.In addition to the options one has with edit the typeface and aesthetics of a document, there are tools implemented into most word processors that help to correct errors in spelling and grammar. Spell check and grammar check are helpful tools when creating a document. When writing a paper, if the program recognizes any errors in spelling it will place a red zigzag accentuate underneath the word or phrase that is incorrect. The same is also true of grammar check. It will check for errors in punctuation or grammar and place a squirt underline under the phrase or word.Control Key and Word Text and Graphics.In both cases, right clicking usually reveals a list of suggestions as to how to properly correct the problem. Last but not least in a situation where one needs to present data to a superior or coworker, most word processors have tools that allow for the placement of graphs and tables which help the user to present data relevant to th e subject of the document. With the technology in place in todays word processing software, the flow and transfer of information has been made a lot simpler.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty

AryaHigh, Syrio Forel c eithered verboten, slashing at her head. The stick makes gibbered as Arya parried. left, he shouted, and his blade came whistle. Hers darted to meet it. The clack made him click his teething together.Right, he verbalize, and Low, and Left, and Left at one time more, faster and faster, moving forward. Arya retreated before him, checking each blow.Lunge, he warned, and when he shake off she sidestepped, swept his blade a focus, and slashed at his shoulder. She almost touched him, almost, so faithful it made her grin. A strand of hair dangled in her eye, limp with sweat. She pushed it extraneous with the sanction of her hand.Left, Syrio sang out. Low. His sword was a blur, and the Small Hall echoed to the clack clack clack. Left. Left. High. Left. Right. Left. Low. LeftThe wooden blade caught her high in the breast, a sudden stinging blow that hurt all the more because it came from the wrong side. Ow, she cried out. She would mystify a fresh bruise t here by the time she went to sleep, somewhere out at sea. A bruise is a lesson, she told herself, and each lesson makes us better.Syrio stepped back. You atomic number 18 dead now.Arya made a front. You cheated, she state hotly. You said left and you went right. that so. And now you are a dead young lady. just now you liedMy words lied. My eyes and my arm shouted out the truth, simply you were not seeing.I was so, Arya said. I watched you of all timey secondWatching is not seeing, dead girl. The water dancer sees. Come, nonplus low-spirited the sword, it is time for listening now.She followed him over to the wall, where he settled onto a bench. Syrio Forel was first sword to the Sealord of Braavos, and are you knowing how that came to pass?You were the finest swords art object in the city.Just so, however why? Other men were stronger, faster, younger, why was Syrio Forel the best? I will tell you now. He touched the tip of his little finger thin to his eyelid. The seeing, the true seeing, that is the heart of it.Hear me. The ships of Braavos sail as far as the winds blow, to lands strange and wonderful, and when they return their captains fetch queer animals to the Sealords menagerie. Such animals as you control neer seen, striped horses, great spotted things with necks as long as stilts, hairy mouse-pigs as overlarge as cows, stinging manticores, tigers that carry their cubs in a pouch, awing walking lizards with scythes for claws. Syrio Forel has seen these things.On the day I am speaking of, the first sword was newly dead, and the Sealord s finale for me. Many bravos had fill in to him, and as many had been sent out-of-door, n matchless could say why. When I came into his presence, he was seated, and in his lap was a fat yellow cat. He told me that one of his captains had brought the beast to him, from an island beyond the sunrise. Have you ever seen her like? he asked of me.And to him I said, Each night in the alleys of Braavos I see a thou sand like him, and the Sealord laughed, and that day I was named the first sword.Arya screwed up her face. I dont understand.Syrio clicked his teeth together. The cat was an ordinary cat, no more. The former(a)s expected a fabulous beast, so that is what they saw. How large it was, they said. It was no larger than any other cat, however fat from indolence, for the Sealord fed it from his declare table. What curious small ears, they said. Its ears had been chewed away in kitten fights. And it was plainly a tomcat, yet the Sealord said her, and that is what the others saw. Are you hearing?Arya theory about it. You saw what was there.Just so. Opening your eyes is all that is needing. The heart lies and the head plays tricks with us, but the eyes see true. Look with your eyes. Hear with your ears. Taste with your mouth. tactile property with your nose. Feel with your splutter. Then comes the thinking, afterward, and in that way knowing the truth.Just so, said Arya, grinning.Syrio F orel allowed himself a smile. I am thinking that when we are reaching this Winterfell of yours, it will be time to go under this needle in your hand.Yes Arya said eagerly. Wait till I show JonBehind her the great wooden doors of the Small Hall flew break with a resounding crash. Arya whirled.A buck of the Kingsguard stood under the arch of the door with five Lannister guardsmen arrayed behind him. He was in full armor, but his circular was up. Arya remembered his droopy eyes and rustcolored whiskers from when he had come to Winterfell with the king Ser Meryn Trant. The red cloaks wore hop out shirts over boiled leather and brand caps with lion crests. Arya Stark, the knight said, come with us, child.Arya chewed her lip uncertainly. What do you want?Your get piling wants to see you.Arya took a step forward, but Syrio Forel held her by the arm. And why is it that Lord Eddard is sending Lannister men in the step forward of his own? I am wondering.Mind your place, dancing mast er, Ser Meryn said. This is no concern of yours.My cause wouldnt send you, Arya said. She snatched up her stick sword. The Lannisters laughed.Put down the stick, girl, Ser Meryn told her. I am a Sworn Brother of the Kingsguard, the White Swords.So was the Kingslayer when he killed the old king, Arya said. I dont have to go with you if I dont want.Ser Meryn Trant ran out of patience. retort her, he said to his men. He lowered the visor of his helm.Three of them started forward, chainmail clinking softly with each step. Arya was suddenly afraid. maintenance vamooses deeper than swords, she told herself, to slow the racing of her heart.Syrio Forel stepped between them, tapping his wooden sword lightly against his boot. You will be stopping there. Are you men or dogs that you would threaten a child?Out of the way, old man, one of the red cloaks said.Syrios stick came whistling up and rang against his helm. I am Syrio Forel, and you will now be speaking to me with more respect.Bald bastard. The man yanked free his longsword. The stick moved again, blindingly fast. Arya heard a loud crack as the sword went clattering to the stone floor. My hand, the guardsman yelped, cradling his broken fingers.You are quick, for a dancing master, said Ser Meryn.You are slow, for a knight, Syrio replied.Kill the Braavosi and bring me the girl, the knight in the snow-clad armor commanded.Four Lannister guardsmen unsheathed their swords. The fifth, with the broken fingers, spat and pulled free a dagger with his left hand.Syrio Forel clicked his teeth together, sliding into his water dancers stance, presenting just his side to the foe. Arya child, he called out, neer looking, never taking his eyes off the Lannisters, we are done with dancing for the day. Best you are going now. Run to your father.Arya did not want to leave him, but he had taught her to do as he said. Swift as a deer, she whispered.Just so, said Syrio Forel as the Lannisters closed.Arya retreated, her own sword stick clutched tightly in her hand. Watching him now, she realized that Syrio had only been toying with her when they dueled. The red cloaks came at him from trey sides with steel in their transfer. They had chainmail over their chest and arms, and steel codpieces sewn into their pants, but only leather on their legs. Their hands were bare, and the caps they wore had noseguards, but no visor over the eyes.Syrio did not wait for them to reach him, but spun to his left. Arya had never seen a man move as fast. He checked one sword with his stick and whirled away from a second. Off balance, the second man lurched into the first. Syrio put a boot to his back and the red cloaks went down together. The third guard came leaping over them, slashing at the water dancers head. Syrio ducked under his blade and thrust upward. The guardsman fell screaming as blood welled from the wet red hole where his left eye had been. The fallen men were getting up. Syrio kicked one in the face and snatched the steel cap off the others head. The dagger man stabbed at him. Syrio caught the thrust in the helmet and shattered the mans kneecap with his stick. The last red cloak shouted a curse and charged, hacking down with both hands on his sword. Syrio rolled right, and the butchers cut caught the helmetless man between neck and shoulder as he struggled to his knees. The longsword crunched through mail and leather and flesh. The man on his knees shrieked. Before his killer could wrench free his blade, Syrio jabbed him in the apple of his throat. The guardsman gave a choked cry and staggered back, clutching at his neck, his face blackening. quintette men were down, dead, or dying by the time Arya reached the back door that opened on the kitchen. She heard Ser Meryn Trant curse. Bloody oafs, he swore, drawing his longsword from its scabbard.Syrio Forel resumed his stance and clicked his teeth together. Arya child, he called out, never looking at her, be gone now.Look with your eyes, he had said. She saw the knight in his sick armor head to foot, legs, throat, and hands sheathed in metal, eyes hidden behind his high white helm, and in his hand cruel steel. Against that Syrio, in a leather vest, with a wooden sword in his hand. Syrio, run, she screamed.The first sword of Braavos does not run, he sang as Ser Meryn slashed at him. Syrio danced away from his cut, his stick a blur. In a heartbeat, he had bounced blows off the knights temple, elbow, and throat, the wood ringing against the metal of helm, gauntlet, and gorget. Arya stood frozen. Ser Meryn advanced Syrio backed away. He checked the next blow, spun away from the second, deflected the third.The fourth sliced his stick in two, splintering the wood and shearing through the lead core.Sobbing, Arya spun and ran.She plunged through the kitchens and buttery, blind with panic, weaving between cooks and potboys. A bakers helper stepped in front of her, holding a wooden tray. Arya bowled her over, scattering fragrant l oaves of fresh-baked bread on the floor. She heard shouting behind her as she spun around a portly butcher who stood gaping at her with a cleaver in his hands. His arms were red to the elbow.All that Syrio Forel had taught her went racing through her head. Swift as a deer. Quiet as a shadow. Fear cuts deeper than swords. Quick as a snake. Calm as still water. Fear cuts deeper than swords. Strong as a bear. Fierce as a wolverine. Fear cuts deeper than swords. The man who fears losing has already lost. Fear cuts deeper than swords. Fear cuts deeper than swords. Fear cuts deeper than swords. The grip of her wooden sword was slick with sweat, and Arya was breathing hard when she reached the turret stair. For an instant she froze. Up or down? Up would take her to the covered bridge that spanned the small court to the Tower of the Hand, but that would be the way theyd expect her to go, for certain. Never do what they expect, Syrio once said. Arya went down, around and around, leaping ove r the narrow stone steps two and three at a time. She emerged in a cavernous vaulted cellar, surrounded by casks of ale stacked twenty feet tall. The only light came through narrow slanting windows high in the wall.The cellar was a dead end. There was no way out but the way she had come in. She dare not go back up those steps, but she couldnt stay here, either. She had to scratch her father and tell him what had happened. Her father would protect her.Arya thrust her wooden sword through her belt and began to climb, leaping from cask to cask until she could reach the window. Grasping the stone with both hands, she pulled herself up. The wall was three feet thick, the window a tunnel slanting up and out. Arya wriggled toward daylight. When her head reached ground level, she peered a drag the bailey to the Tower of the Hand.The stout wooden door hung splintered and broken, as if by axes. A dead man sprawled facedown on the steps, his cloak tangled down the stairs him, the back of hi s mailed shirt soaked red. The corpses cloak was grey wool trimmed with white satin, she saw with sudden terror. She could not tell who he was.No, she whispered. What was happening? Where was her father? Why had the red cloaks come for her? She remembered what the man with the yellow beard had said, the day she had prepare the monsters. If one Hand can die, why not a second? Arya felt tears in her eyes. She held her breath to listen. She heard the sounds of fighting, shouts, screams, the clang of steel on steel, coming through the windows of the Tower of the Hand.She could not go back. Her father . . .Arya closed her eyes. For a second she was too frightened to move. They had killed Jory and Wyl and Heward, and that guardsman on the step, whoever he had been. They could kill her father too, and her if they caught her. Fear cuts deeper than swords, she said aloud, but it was no good pretending to be a water dancer, Syrio had been a water dancer and the white knight had belike kill ed him, and anyhow she was only a little girl with a wooden stick, alone and afraid.She squirmed out into the yard, glancing around warily as she climbed to her feet. The castle seemed deserted. The Red forbear was never deserted. All the people must be hiding inside, their doors barred. Arya glanced up longingly at her bedchamber, then moved away from the Tower of the Hand, keeping close to the wall as she slid from shadow to shadow. She pretended she was chasing cats . . . except she was the cat now, and if they caught her, they would kill her.Moving between buildings and over walls, keeping stone to her back wherever feasible so no one could surprise her, Arya reached the stables almost without incident. A dozen gold cloaks in mail and plate ran past as she was edging across the inner bailey, but without knowing whose side they were on, she hunched down low in the shadows and let them pass.Hullen, who had been master of horse at Winterfell as long as Arya could remember, was sl umped on the ground by the stable door. He had been stabbed so many times it looked as if his tunic was patterned with scarlet flowers. Arya was certain he was dead, but when she crept closer, his eyes opened. Arya Underfoot, he whispered. You must . . . warn your . . . your lord father . . . Frothy red spittle bubbled from his mouth. The master of horse closed his eyes again and said no more.Inside were more bodies a groom she had played with, and three of her fathers household guard. A wagon, laden with crates and chests, stood abandoned near the door of the stable. The dead men must have been loading it for the trip to the docks when they were attacked. Arya snuck closer. One of the corpses was Desmond, whod shown her his longsword and promised to protect her father. He lay on his back, staring blindly at the ceiling as go crawled across his eyes. Close to him was a dead man in the red cloak and lion-crest helm of the Lannisters. Only one, though. Every northerner is worth ten of these southron swords, Desmond had told her. You liar she said, boot his body in a sudden fury.The animals were restless in their stalls, whickering and snorting at the scent of blood. Aryas only plan was to saddle a horse and flee, away from the castle and the city. All she had to do was stay on the kingsroad and it would take her back to Winterfell. She took a bridle and harness off the wall.As she crossed in back of the wagon, a fallen chest caught her eye. It must have been knocked down in the fight or dropped as it was being loaded. The wood had split, the lid opening to crepuscle the chests contents across the ground. Arya recognized silks and satins and velvets she never wore. She might need warm clothes on the kingsroad, though . . . and besides . . .Arya knelt in the dirt among the scattered clothes. She arrange a heavy woolen cloak, a velvet skirt and a silk tunic and some smallclothes, a dress her mother had embroidered for her, a silver nestling bracelet she might sell. Shoving the broken lid out of the way, she groped inside the chest for chevy. She had hidden it way down at the bottom, under everything, but her stuff had all been jumbled around when the chest was dropped. For a moment Arya was afraid someone had found the sword and stolen it. Then her fingers felt the hardness of metal under a satin gown.There she is, a voice hissed close behind her.Startled, Arya whirled. A stableboy stood behind her, a smirk on his face, his filthy white undertunic peeking out from beneath a soiled jerkin. His boots were covered with manure, and he had a pitchfork in one hand. Who are you? she asked.She dont know me, he said, but I knows her, oh, yes. The wolf girl. protagonist me saddle a horse, Arya pleaded, reaching back into the chest, groping for Needle. My fathers the Hand of the King, hell reward you.Fathers dead, the boy said. He shuffled toward her. Its the queen wholl be rewarding me. Come here, girl.Stay away Her fingers closed around Needles hilt.I says, come. He grabbed her arm, hard.Everything Syrio Forel had ever taught her vanished in a heartbeat. In that instant of sudden terror, the only lesson Arya could remember was the one Jon Snow had tending(p) her, the very first.She stuck him with the pointy end, driving the blade upward with a wild, hysterical strength.Needle went through his leather jerkin and the white flesh of his belly and came out between his shoulder blades. The boy dropped the pitchfork and made a soft noise, something between a gasp and a sigh. His hands closed around the blade. Oh, gods, he moaned, as his undertunic began to redden. Take it out.When she took it out, he died.The horses were screaming. Arya stood over the body, still and frightened in the face of death. Blood had gushed from the boys mouth as he collapsed, and more was seeping from the slit in his belly, pooling beneath his body. His palms were cut where hed grabbed at the blade. She backed away slowly, Needle red in her hand. She had to get away, someplace far from here, someplace safe away from the stableboys accusing eyes.She snatched up the bridle and harness again and ran to her mare, but as she lifted the saddle to the horses back, Arya realized with a sudden sick dread that the castle gates would be closed. Even the postern doors would likely be guarded. Maybe the guards wouldnt recognize her. If they thought she was a boy, perhaps theyd let her . . . no, theyd have orders not to let anyone out, it wouldnt matter whether they knew her or not.But there was another way out of the castle . . .The saddle slipped from Aryas fingers and fell to the dirt with a thump and a puff of dust. Could she find the room with the monsters again? She wasnt certain, yet she knew she had to try.She found the clothing shed gathered and slipped into the cloak, concealing Needle beneath its folds. The rest of her things she tied in a roll. With the bundle under her arm, she crept to the far end of the stable. Unlatching the back door, she peeked out anxiously. She could hear the distant sound of swordplay, and the shivery wail of a man screaming in pain across the bailey. She would need to go down the serpentine steps, past the small kitchen and the pig yard, that was how shed gone last time, chasing the black tomcat . . . only that would take her right past the barracks of the gold cloaks. She couldnt go that way. Arya tried to think of another way. If she crossed to the other side of the castle, she could creep along the river wall and through the little godswood . . . but first shed have to cross the yard, in the plain view of the guards on the walls.She had never seen so many men on the walls. Gold cloaks, most of them, armed with spears. Some of them knew her by sight. What would they do if they saw her running across the yard? Shed look so small from up there, would they be able to tell who she was? Would they care?She had to leave now, she told herself, but when the moment came, she was too frig htened to move.Calm as still water, a small voice whispered in her ear. Arya was so startled she almost dropped her bundle. She looked around wildly, but there was no one in the stable but her, and the horses, and the dead men.Quiet as a shadow, she heard. Was it her own voice, or Syrios? She could not tell, yet somehow it calmed her fears.She stepped out of the stable.It was the scariest thing shed ever done. She wanted to run and hide, but she made herself walk across the yard, slowly, putting one foot in front of the other as if she had all the time in the world and no reason to be afraid of anyone. She thought she could feel their eyes, like bugs crawling on her skin under her clothes. Arya never looked up. If she saw them watching, all her courage would desert her, she knew, and she would drop the bundle of clothes and run and cry like a baby, and then they would have her. She kept her gaze on the ground. By the time she reached the shadow of the royal sept on the far side of the yard, Arya was cold with sweat, but no one had raised the hue and cry.The sept was open and empty. Inside, half a hundred prayer candles burned in a fragrant silence. Arya figured the gods would never omit two. She stuffed them up her sleeves, and left by a back window. Sneaking back to the alley where she had cornered the one-eared tom was easy, but after that she got lost. She crawled in and out of windows, hopped over walls, and felt her way through dark cellars, quiet as a shadow. Once she heard a woman weeping. It took her more than an hour to find the low narrow window that slanted down to the dungeon where the monsters waited.She tossed her bundle through and doubled back to light her candle. That was chancy the fire shed remembered seeing had burned-out down to embers, and she heard voices as she was blowing on the coals. Cupping her fingers around the flickering candle, she went out the window as they were coming in the door, without ever getting a glimpse of who it w as.This time the monsters did not frighten her. They seemed almost old friends. Arya held the candle over her head. With each step she took, the shadows moved against the walls, as if they were turning to watch her pass. Dragons, she whispered. She slid Needle out from under her cloak. The slender blade seemed very small and the dragons very big, yet somehow Arya felt better with steel in her hand.The long windowless planetary house beyond the door was as black as she remembered. She held Needle in her left hand, her sword hand, the candle in her right fist. Hot wax ran down across her knuckles. The entrance to the well had been to the left, so Arya went right. Part of her wanted to run, but she was afraid of snuffing out her candle. She heard the faint squeaking of rats and glimpsed a pair of picayune glowing eyes on the edge of the light, but rats did not scare her. Other things did. It would be so easy to hide here, as she had hidden from the magical and the man with the forke d beard. She could almost see the stableboy standing against the wall, his hands curled into claws with the blood still dripping from the deep gashes in his palms where Needle had cut him. He might be waiting to grab her as she passed. He would see her candle coming a long way off. Maybe she would be better off without the light . . .Fear cuts deeper than swords, the quiet voice inside her whispered. Suddenly Arya remembered the crypts at Winterfell. They were a lot scarier than this place, she told herself. Shed been just a little girl the first time she saw them. Her brother Robb had taken them down, her and Sansa and baby Bran, whod been no bigger than Rickon was now. Theyd only had one candle between them, and Brans eyes had gotten as big as saucers as he stared at the stone faces of the Kings of Winter, with their wolves at their feet and their iron swords across their laps.Robb took them all the way down to the end, past Grandfather and Brandon and Lyanna, to show them their o wn tombs. Sansa kept looking at the stubby little candle, anxious that it might go out. Old Nan had told her there were spiders down here, and rats as big as dogs. Robb smiled when she said that. There are worse things than spiders and rats, he whispered. This is where the dead walk. That was when they heard the sound, low and deep and shivery. Baby Bran had clutched at Aryas hand.When the spirit stepped out of the open tomb, pale white and moaning for blood, Sansa ran shrieking for the stairs, and Bran wrapped himself around Robbs leg, sobbing. Arya stood her ground and gave the spirit a punch. It was only Jon, covered with flour. You stupid, she told him, you scared the baby, but Jon and Robb just laughed and laughed, and pretty soon Bran and Arya were laugh too.The memory made Arya smile, and after that the darkness held no more terrors for her. The stableboy was dead, shed killed him, and if he jumped out at her shed kill him again. She was going home. Everything would be better once she was home again, safe behind Winterfells grey granite walls.Her footsteps sent soft echoes hurrying ahead of her as Arya plunged deeper into the darkness.

Literature review Essay

Abstract Supply string Management has assumed a significant role in firms performance and has attracted serious seek attention over the last few years. A literature critical review reveals a considerable spurt in research in theory and practice of SCM. Combining and informing on features of Supply Management and distribution Management. This integration has resulted in the concept of extended enterprise and the publish chain is now manifest as the collaborative supply chain across intercompany borders to maximize the value across the entire supply chain. A blown-up come in of research papers have been published in dissimilar journals in last two decades. In this paper an attempt is made to review the status of literature on Supply Chain Management.A literature classification scheme is proposed. A total of 588 articles from 13 refereed academic journals atomic number 18 class into articles in five methodologies i.e. Exploratory, Normative, Methodology, Literature Review and H ypothesis testing. This literature review finds that exploratory type of research is almostly preferred it is expected that with the maturity of SCM the guesswork testing method will pick up. The articles are further categorized in fifteen categories on the basis of content analysis. Based on this review, both(prenominal) possible research issues are identified.Keywords SCM, Supply Chain outline, Literature Review. those with average performance.1. INTRODUCTIONTraditionally, Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been a melting pot of various aspects, with influences from logistics and transportation, operations management and materials anddistribution management, marketing, as well as purchasing and information technology (IT). Ideally, the allencompassing philosophy of SCM embraces each of these functions to produce an overall supply chain schema that ultimately enhances firm performance (Croom et al. 2000Wisner and Tan 2000).In actuality, the literature is still very fragmented a nd although several studies purport to discuss supply chain issues, most of the existing research only examines one link of the chain, or most importantly only focuses on one ingredient in the supply chain performance mix. Six major movements can be observed in the evolution of supply chain management studies. Creation, Integration, Globalization, Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM 2.0 These phases are given over in Table 1.In the current competitive scenario supply chain management assumes a significant importance and calls for serious research attention, as companies are challenged with finding ways to meet ever-rising customer expectations at a manageable represent. To do so, businesses must search out which parts of their supply-chain process are not competitive, understand which customer needs are not being met, establish improvement goals, and rapidly implement necessary improvements. Previously manufacturers were the drivers of the supply chain managing the mistre at at which products were manufactured and distributed. Today, customers are calling the shots, and manufacturers are scrambling to meet customer demands for options/styles/ features, quick order fulfillment, and fast delivery. Manufacturing quality a long-time competitive differentiator is approach path parity across the board, so meeting customers specific demands for product delivery has emerged as the next critical opportunity for competitive advantage.Companies that detect how to improve management of their supply chain will become the new success stories in the global market place. Study on Benchmarking shows significant cost differences between organizations that exhibit best-in-class performance and Copyright 2010 HyperSciences_Publisher. All rights reserved The six stage evolutionary era depicts that in a particular era which strategy was emphasized. For instance in the sixth era information Technology was given priority and IT enabled supply chain was the burning issu e.In the 1990s industries began to focus on core competencies and adopted a specialization model. Companies abandoned vertical integration, sold off non-core operations, and outsourced those functions to other companies.Web 2. 0 is defined as a wind in the use of the World Wide Web that is meant to increase creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among users.The term supply chain management was first coined by an American industry consultant in the primal 1980s. However the concept of supply chain in management, was of great importance long before in the early 20th century, especially by the creation of the assembly line.This era of supply chain management studies was highlighted with the development of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems in the mid-sixties and developed through the 1990s by the introduction of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.This era is characterized by the globalization of supply chain management in organizations with the goal of incr easing competitive advantage, creating more value-added, and reducing costs through global sourcingSpecialization within the supply chain began in the 1980s with the spring of transportation brokerages, warehouse management, and non asset based carriers and has matured beyond transportation and logistics into aspects of supply planning, collaboration, execution and performance management.presents various connotations given by various researchers then a literature classification scheme is explained and a research agenda is suggested after identifying the gaps between theory and practice of SCM.SCM research has included a number of literature reviews and historical studies published in the top scholarly journals in the fields of logistics, logistic management, purchasing and SCM (Croom et al. 2000 Carter and Ellram 2003 Rungtusanatham et al. 2003). SCM literature reviews have also been done in the past. However, for the most part these reviews have been descriptive (offering basic f requencies for topics covered etc.) or normative. Given the increasing focus on SCM in both academic and practician literature streams, a review of the concepts, topics, analysis methods and levels of analysis across thirteen academic journals was undertaken. This research investigates the history of the SCM literature looking at the various trends and developments in the field

BMW

In the BMWs future strategy, it strongly focus on expand of the potential market. For example, China and Russia. In terms of instigant promotion, BMW Group, will seize the opportunity, and vigorously advise and expand public awareness network. At the same time, BMW also advertise their ambitions and sense of responsibility to society. In the self-propelled manufacturing area, BMW Group proposed to advertise new product concepts and environmental protection.BMW believes that with further development of the industrial era, the traditional energy sources will become a bottleneck restricting the development of society, as with the development of traditional energy sources will gradually disappear. All of these above are only general publicity, from the details BMW also has many methods of influence to advertise the notice promotion. In the past, BMW through the sponsorship of 007 series of films to lead more people know about BMW. Nowadays, Now, BMW further into the ranks of social c harity and well-being to go.I believe that in the future, more new ways to promote the brand BMW will also be generated in the process. From BMWs advertising trends, speckle BMW focus on its own personality and the brand image. BMW also changed their advertising strategies, slowly trying to go into the market culture. For example, in China, BMW will be promoting the brand through the action to protect the local cultural heritage. In short, any successful brand or product can not be break from the success of advertising and publicity. BMW case, other brands also do so.

Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies Essay

Based off of this reading, it can be assumed that the conditions in the Indies during the time this text was create verbally were not humane whatsoever. The actions of the Spaniards were very much barbaric, and completely contradict the religion which the Spaniards were trying so urgently to impose upon the natives of the Indies. Without having to go into detail, it is said by Bartoleme in the earn that the Spaniards would treat the people of the Indies as crazy beasts, cattle, or animals. But he then goes back on this statement saying that in situation they treated them less than livestock, because they at least took care of the livestock. This is a good example of how barbarically the Spaniards ruled all over the Natives. There was no respect for the Natives, even though they were described as peaceful, passive, kind, and as overall decorous human beings.Yet in the eyes of the Spaniards, the same people were seen as barbarians and savages. What makes the situation even more disturbing is that the Spaniards used the name of god to justify their ruthless actions. They saw it as their divine rightfulness to take over the Natives. Fortunately, there were people like Bartoleme that spoke out against these cruel acts. He wrote the letter describing all the acts of inhumanity towards the Natives to the King and Queen of Spain in order to create rules and regulations that would regulate the actions of the Spaniards in the Indies. This all was a substantial act of humanity.The only ironical part is that he suggests that the Spanish use African people instead of using the Natives of the Indies for labor. Unfortunately at the time, there were still mass amounts of racism, even amongst the just about noble of men. Men such as Bartoleme who spoke out against cruel acts were still subject to their protest racist antics. Although this wasnt very out-of-the-ordinary at the time, in todays world its sickening nonetheless. Its a very hypocritical suggestion that he had for the King and Queen, and for that, would lose all recognition for anything positive that happened to the Natives after his ideas were reinforced.

Introduction to the Finance Company Project

Introduction to the Finance Comp some(prenominal) Project Your team is required to curb the future melodic line and economic prospects of a major, publicly traded corporation using fiscal concepts and techniques as healthful as the concepts and techniques from other business beas. Make sure any statements you make in your analysis atomic number 18 consistent with the knowledge base of finance. Also please include your calculations (including spreadsheets), data sources (be specific, including date and scalawag number(s)), and assumptions (explain your rationale) in the appendices.While your analysis should be geared toward finance, nobody, of course, can make business decisions using solely finance techniques and concepts, so where applicable, incorporate techniques and analysis from other business fields. The following is a list of the minimum requirements for your project. extra credit will be given for creativity and analysis beyond the minimum requirement. If you have any questions, please e-mail them to your instructor. (1) EXECUTIVE SUMMARYProvide a one (1) page executive abbreviation which summarizes your findings and set ups a recommendation whether to buy or not to buy the stock and the debt securities of the community (two separate decisions). (2) gild INTRODUCTION Provide a one page (1) introduction to your fraternity including company history, outline, main products & services, unproblematic markets & customers, major competitors, industry overview, and other relevant information. (3) FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Conduct a two-year financial analysis of your company using financial ratios. Include a Du Pont analysis. You can refer to your Essentials of Business I Corporate Annual Report project for the appropriate ratios. ) explanation on the financial health of the company. disport look at ratio trends and compare to industry average. (4) WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPTIAL (WACC) Estimate the components of the comprise of capital for your com pany using market data. a) For the cost of coarse stock, analyze using the dividend growth get and CAPM. To determine Beta, first use published sources. Next, calculate your own beta estimate using lapsing analysis with 52 weeks of daily data.See the textbooks website to download the regression tool rig from Chapter 6. If the published estimates and the results of your regression analysis differ, justify your final choice of Beta for the WACC determinations. b) Calculate the cost of prefer stock c) Calculate the cost of debt. Recall that you do NOT use the coupon rate, but kinda use the YTM for each bond issue. d) Determine the appropriate weights for each of the categories using market values. e) Calculate the companys WACC. f) In your opinion, has the company minimized its WACC?What could it differently? Recall that more than debt increases the risk of bankruptcy and more justness means the flotation costs of issuing stock. g) Provide reasons why or why not the current WAC C is appropriate for future use by the company. If not, explain which WACC should be used for future business decisions. (5) FUTURE CASH FLOWS Prepare a three (3) year forecast of estimated future funds flows for you company and give valid economic/business reasons for your projections. This means you will have a statement of additive cash flows.One year in the future, develop a future market value of equity and an estimated future price per share for the companys common stock. Write a 1 page analysis, which incorporates marketing, accounting, sales, production, management, technology, etc. information into your estimates of future cash flows. Please cite 2-3 media sources for this analysis. a) Perform a what-if analysis for your cash flows using at least one of the following sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, or simulation analysis. Also, provide a written summation of your what-if analysis. ) Collect and evaluate information on inflation estimates and incorporate those est imates, as you see fit, into your cash flow estimates. c) Comment on how future cash flows maybe be affected by information contained in the footnotes to the financial statements. Footnotes are often more interesting than the rest of the financial statements and provide valuable information. d) Do a brief analysis of your competitors, the prospects of their future cash flows, and how that affects your companys cash flows. e) Conduct a post-audit of one (or more) of your companys major past projects and ncorporate this qualitatively into your estimates of future cash flows. (6) HISTORICAL STOCK PRICE reappraisal briefly the historical performance of the companys stock price. Explain if this affected your analysis. (7) SECURITY ANALYSTS REPORTS respect what securities analysts are saying about your company, and explain if you agree or disagree with their recommendations. What is the sentiment for your stock are there a lot of buy recommendations or are there a lot of tick off/sell recommendations? (8) DIVIDEND and CAPITAL STRUCTURE ) Analyze the current dividend policy of your company. If it doesnt pay a dividend, should it? b) Analyze the target capital complex body part of your company including bank loans, leases, and other financial securities issued in addition to preferred stock, common stock, and debt. Why do you look it maintains the capital structure it does? Do you think it is an optimal capital structure? If not, what do you think would be? Justify your answer. c) Does your company have a substantial degree of informational instability (assets which are hard for outsiders to value)?Do you think this affects the capital structure of your company? (9) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Comment on the corporate governance of your company. Is management doing a good job? Does management hold shares in the company? What is their percentage of equity ownership? How much stock do institutions own? Do you think these factors affect your companys performance? (10) ME RGER and INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY Describe and evaluate the merger and acquisition strategy and the international expansion strategy for your company.

Anne Aylor. Inc Essay

Different users for distinguishable purposes to use financial information. Not each parts of the financial statements are equally relevant to all users. For instance, stockholders are more concerned with derive growth and revenue than creditors. Materiality is a relative rather than an absolute concept. Based on different operation environment, the materiality threshold impart vary to influence users of the financial statement. For example, the magnitude of a misstatement that will influence users of the financial statement will change based on how the entity is performing in the industry. approximately misstatements affect both a balance sheet an income statement account due to the dual entering method. So, auditors must design a audit plan to detect the smallest misstatement that will influence users of the financial statement.A risk of management fraud will affect directly the accounting amount, such as top income. For example, asset accounts will be overstated and liabili ty accounts will be understated. The objective of setting allowable misstatement is to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are fairly presented in all material respect at the lowest cost. So, auditors may design a higher tolerable misstatement tominimize cost for the slight evidence that will be needed. Conversely, the lower the tolerable misstatement the more evidence that will be needed.We cannot impart every account that will be misstated by an amount equal to its tolerable misstatement. In the fact, it is more likely that most accounts will be misstated by an amount greater then its tolerable misstatement patch others may be misstated by an amount less than its tolerable misstatement. Planning for an audit helps the auditor fast and effectively perform the audit before starting an audit. Auditors are required to design an audit platform because auditors must consider the risk of material misstatement. Thus, Auditors should have trial balance amounts to establish materiality thresholds for the catamenia year audit.

Childcare – Orientation Package

churl CARE LICENSING IN ONTARIO taste Pack historic period for Prospective kid C atomic compute 18 Operators June 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Child parcel come on in Ontario Child C be Licensing in Ontario intent of the Operator The theatre director to a lower power the twenty-four hourstime Nurseries performance Role of course of instruction Advisors The industriousness Process Planning and Design Guide greenbacks for Child conduct Centres Obtaining a evidence advant come onouslyness Canada Product Safety Program Duration of Licensing Process Types of Licences Child deal out Licensing Website Child Cargon serving placement Man get on withrs 5 5 6 6 7 7 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 compend of Licensing Requirements for involve solar twenty-four hour period Nurseries Organization and Man hop onment Staff Qualifications goodness Assessments and immunization tote up and Group Size sorrowegal Reference Checks construct and Accommodation Equipment and Furnish ings Policies and Procedures Playground Requirements Inspections redress Requirements complete Safety and Emergency instruction wellness and health check checkup Supervision regimen 13 13 13 13 14 15 15 17 17 18 19 19 19 20 21 2 demeanour Man festerment Enrolment Records Program 22 23 23 Summary of Licensing Requirements for Private-Home solar day C be Agencies Organization and Man get onment Numbers of Children Criminal Reference Checks construct and Accommodation Equipment and Furnishings Policies and Procedures Inspections dam whiles Requirements wellness and Medical Supervision Nutrition Behaviour Man seasonment Enrolment Records Program Health Assessments and immunization 25 25 25 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 31 32 32 33Conclusion Glossary of Terms (Appendix 1) Things to Look Into in front Applying for a Licence to Operate a Day Nursery or a PrivateHome Day C ar Agency (Appendix 2) Ministry of Children and jejuneness function Regional Offices (Appendix 3) Child Cargon gain System Man epochrs (Appendix 4) 34 35 36 37 38 3 INTRODUCTION One of the goals of the Ministry of Children and younker serve is to answer mount social and economic dampment in Ontario by investing in and supporting an inexpensive, accessible and accountable churl electric charge ashes which helps benefit tiddlerren, their p arnts and occupygivers, and the broader only(prenominal)iance.The early learning and pip-squeak look at system in Ontario should be accessible, affordable and inclusive dish out for pip-squeakren in a safe, nurturing environment foster early pip-squeakhood knowledge help support early learning and readiness for condition be flexible and provide choice support chel atomic number 18n and their families provide usurp standards of pincer occupy provide supports for pargonnts in financial indigence, who are employed, in training, or tortuous in other employment activities support economic growth, and work in percentnership with others involved in Ontarios arly learning and child look at system. This Orientation Package has been designed to provide individuals who are interested in obtaining a permit to hold either a twenty-four hour period glasshouse (also know as child plow warmnesss) or a private- firm sidereal solar day care representation in the state of matter of Ontario, with practical training and advice.The make uping learning is included in this bundle the process for obtaining a permission a summary of the licensing conveyments to operate a day glasshouse or a private- central office day care internal representation beneath the Day Nurseries be dynamical a glossary of terms (Appendix 1) schooling to answer you in considering your decision to apply for a clear to operate either a day nursery or a private-home day care agency (Appendix 2) a list of the Regional Offices of the Ministry of Children and youth Services (Appendix 3), and a list of the Child Care Se rvice System Managers credi cardinalrthy for planning and managing the delivery of child care receiptss throughout Ontario (Appendix 4). 4 CHILD CARE IN ONTARIO The child care system in Ontario consists of a range of services for families and their children, including commissioned day nurseries and private-home day care which provide supports to children and their families.The Day Nurseries travel requires each premise that receives more(prenominal) than than volt children under the age of 10 age, non of viridity rootage (children who pack different parents), for temporary care and guidance, to be authorise as a day nursery. A person whitethorn provide informal child care to quintuple children or little under the age of 10 age who are non of common parentage (children who switch different parents), in addition to his/her own children, without a pass. This number whitethorn not be outstriped, regardless of the number of adults insert or on site. When a person pro vides in-home child care at more than one emplacement or co-ordinates the provision of care at more than one site, a licence to operate a private-home day care agency is ask. It is an offensive activity to yield, operate or maintain a day nursery or private-home day care agency without a licence.On conviction, the fine is up to $2,000 for individu all(prenominal)y day the offence continues, or imprisonment for a term of not more than one social class, or both. Ministry staff induct the province to delineate-up on all complaints about child care existence provided without a licence. CHILD CARE LICENSING IN ONTARIO The Ministry of Children and young Services is responsible for the Day Nurseries Act and issues licences to streetwalkers of child care plans. on that point are both casefuls of accredited child care political plans day nurseries and private-home day care agencies. In the Day Nurseries Act and in this big money, child care centres are referred to as day n urseries. Day nurseries may include nursery schools, full day care, extended day care, and before and by and by school computer programmes. 5Private-home day care agencies arrange or offer home day care at more than one home. Care is provided to five children or less, under 10 years of age in a private dwelling other than the home of the parent/guardian of the child. Homes are monitored by the agency. Role of the Operator Operators have responsibility for the operation and anxiety of severally day nursery or private-home day care agency, including the program, financial and force administration of the program. Operators of licensed day nurseries and private-home day care agencies are required to achieve and maintain conformism with the standards set out in Ontario regularisation 262 under the Day Nurseries Act at all times.The Day Nurseries Act and Ontario Regulation 262 are available through Publication Services 777 Bay bridle-path, Market Level, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C8 4 16-585-7485 or 1-800-668-9938 The Day Nurseries Act is available on the ministrys website at http//www. elaws. gov. on. ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90d02_e. htm. Ontario Regulation 262 under the Day Nurseries Act is available online at http//www. elaws. gov. on. ca/html/regs/english/elaws_regs_900262_e. htm37. (1). The Director under the Day Nurseries Act Child care licences are issued by a Director who is an employee of the Ministry of Children and Youth Services, positive by the Minister for the purpose of the Day Nurseries Act. The Director reviews all documents required for licensing, approves and signs the licence.The Director has the post to traverse to issue a new licence if the applicant or any of the officers, directors or employees of the applicant are not competent to operate a day nursery or privatehome day care agency in a responsible manner in accordance with the Day Nurseries Act 6 the former(prenominal) conduct of the applicant affords reasonable gr ounds for the belief that a day nursery or private-home day care agency will not be operated in accordance with the Day Nurseries Act, or the building in which the applicant proposes to operate the day nursery or provide private-home day care does not respect with the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act. In addition, if there are grounds, the Director may refuse to renew or revoke an existing licence. The Director may also issue a direction and temporarily immobilize a licence if there is an immediate threat to the health, sanctuary or well- creation of the children.An applicant or licensee is entitled to a hearing before the Licence Appeal Tribunal. Role of Program Advisors Program Advisors, Ministry of Children and Youth Services staff peg downd under Section 16 of the Day Nurseries Act, are responsible for call ining day nurseries and private-home day care agencies to enforce licensing requirements. In some regional offices, this position is referred to as Licensing Spe cialist. Program Advisors are responsible for assessing whether the doer has met the licensing requirements before an sign licence is issued. Unannounced inspections are conducted by Program Advisors for licence revolutions on an annual basis or more frequently for a shorter term licences.In addition, Program Advisors conduct unannounced inspections in response to complaints related to licensed child care programs and to monitor operators who have difficulty maintaining accordance with licensing standards. The Ministry of Children and Youth Services also responds to complaints from the customary pertaining to persons who are so-called to be operating without a licence (i. e. caring for more than five children under 10 years of age, not of common parentage, without a licence). The Application Process An individual or corporation can apply for a licence to operate a day nursery or a private-home day care agency. (Licences cannot be issued to partnerships. ) 7Types of operators i nclude an individual corporations (non-profit and for-profit) municipalities community colleges churches, or Bands and Councils of the Band. The prospective operator contacts the local Regional Office (see Appendix 3) to request an application package and confirm the information required before proceeding with the next steps in the licensing process. Prior to requesting an initial site inspection for a day nursery (a visit to determine if the space is appropriate), the operator advances the terminate application form to the Regional Office, as well as scripted stop from the zoning authority confirming the location is approved for use as a child care centre expound substructure plans, and detailed site plans of the proposed location.These plans moldiness include room measurements, window measurements (actual glass body politic), location of contumacious cabinets (counters and memory board eye sockets) and fenced outdoor vacation spot space dimensions (if required) . Please note that effective July 1, 2005, as part of regulative changes to the Ontario Building Code, all building or renovation plans for a day nursery moldiness(prenominal) be reviewed and approved by the Ministry of Children and Youth Services prior to a municipality issuing a building permit. It is the operators responsibility to determine whether the location will suffer zoning, building, dismission and health requirements. Written verification must be submitted to the regional office confirming that these requirements have been met prior to a licence being issued. The pay for a new licence is $15 the renewal fee is $10.If a licence renewal is submitted to the ministry after the licence expiry encounter, the late fee is $25. 8 Planning and Design Guidelines for Child Care Centres This guide provides information about the planning, design and renovation of licensed child care centres. It is intended to be utilise by persons involved in the site selection, design, and o peration of a child care centre in the province of Ontario. This guide is available through the local MCYS Regional office and on the ministrys website at http//www. children. gov. on. ca/mcys/english/resources/publications/be ststart-planning. asp. (Alternately, from the ministrys home page at http//www. children. gov. on. a, you can follow the links to Best Start, then Best Start resources, then Planning and Design Guidelines for Child Care Centres. ) Obtaining a Licence To obtain a licence, applicants must demonstrate compliance with the requirements set out in Regulation 262 of the Day Nurseries Act in a number of areas including confirmation of compliance with municipal zoning, building, sack up and health requirements the suitability of the building availability of equipment and furnishings conformity with space requirements and vacation spot standards maintenance of staff/child ratios for various age groups staff qualifications nutrition appropriate doings prudence progra mming and insurance.Private-home day care agencies must demonstrate compliance with the requirements set out in Regulation 262 of the Day Nurseries Act in a number of areas including staffing and training policies and procedures records of inspections of suppliers homes availability of equipment and furnishings appropriate doings management and insurance. The Program Advisor makes a recommendation to the Director under the Day Nurseries Act about the issuance of a licence found on their assessment of compliance with the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act and ministry insurance. The Director decides whether to issue a licence and the attri savee and term of licence to be issued. The Director may add terms and conditions to the licence. The operator is required to postdate with the terms and conditions of the licence as well as the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act and ministry policy. 9Operators must apply for a licence renewal prior to the expiry date of the current lice nce. Licences may be issued for a uttermost of up to one year if all licensing requirements are met. Health Canada Product Safety Program Health Canada helps nurture the Canadian public by researching, assessing and collaborating in the management of the health risks and safety hazards associated with the many consumer products, including childrens equipment, toys and furnishings, that Canadians use everyday. Through their Product Safety Program, Health Canada communicates information about juvenile product hazards and recalls to protect children from avoidable risks.Advisories and warnings, juvenile product recall notices, forage recalls and allergy alerts are affix on the Health Canada website. The Consumer Product Recalls webpage can be accessed at http//209. 217. 71. 106/PR/list-liste-e. jsp. Health Canada offers an electronic newsletter so that the public can receive updates when consumer advisories and warnings, juvenile product recalls, and consultation documents regard ing consumer product safety are posted on the Health Canada Web site. As a prospective operator, you are encouraged to register on line for this service at http//www. hc-sc. gc. ca/cps-spc/advisories-avis/_subscribeabonnement/index_e. html.Duration of Initial Licensing Process It may take up to 6 to 12 months to open a new day nursery or private-home day care agency depending on a number of factors, including the extent of the renovations, the incorporation of a corporation, the purchasing of equipment, the hiring of a supervisor or home visitors, the recruitment of staff, the development of policies and obtaining all required favorable receptions. Types of Licences Regular licence may be issued for up to 1 year if the operator was in compliance with licensing requirements when last inspected. 10 Regular short-term licence issued at the discretion of the Director routinely issued to new licensees ( by and large for a period of up to six months) or when more frequent licensing visits are appropriate to support ongoing compliance.Regular licence with terms and conditions terms and conditions are requirements positive(p) by a Director and are additional to the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act. They may reflect circumstances ad hoc to the operation, much(prenominal) as half day or 10 month service. They may also be in place to minimize the recurrence of a non-compliance, such as incomplete staff medical examination records. Provisional licence When Day Nurseries Act requirements have not been met and the operator requires time to get requirements, a provisional licence (generally for a period up to three months) may be issued. This licence gives the operator a period of time to meet licensing requirements.Copies of a letter indicating that a provisional licence has been issued and a summary of the non-compliances are sent to the centre for distribution to parents. The summary of non-compliances will also appear on the Child Care Licensing Websi te. Child Care Licensing Website MCYS has launched the Child Care Licensing Website to provide parents with information about licensed child care in Ontario. The site is accessible at http//www. ontario. ca/ONT/portal51/licensedchildcare. A search dick allows parents to search for child care by city, postal code, type of program, age group, program r to each one, operator name and language of service delivery.The site also provides the status of the licence and the terms and conditions of the licence for any licensed program parents might be considering or about which they might be concerned. Once a licence is issued, the information appearing on the licence of the program will be available on the website. Child Care Service System Managers The child care system is managed at the municipal aim by fortyseven Consolidated Municipal Service Managers (CMSMs) / regularize 11 amicable Services Administration Boards (DSSABs). Each service system manager has responsibility for planning and managing a broad range of child care services, including fee subsidy, wage subsidy, family resource centres and special postulate resourcing.Prospective operators should contact their local child care service system manager (see Appendix 4) to discuss the need for child care in the area being considered and for information about funding and fee subsidy. 12 day NURSERIES ACT SUMMARY OF LICENSING REQUIREMENTS FOR DAY NURSERIES Day nurseries are centre-based programs and can include nursery schools, full day child care, extended day and before and after school programs. Organization and Management The operator of the day nursery is responsible for maintaining compliance with the Day Nurseries Act and ministry policy. This includes responsibility for the operation and management of the program and financial and personnel administration. A qualified supervisor who directs the program and oversees the staff is required for each child care centre.This person must have a sheepskin in Early Childhood Education, or other academic qualifications which are considered equivalent, and have at least(prenominal) two years see to it in Early Childhood Education. The supervisor must also be approved by the Director under the Day Nurseries Act. Staff Qualifications The supervisor must have a fleece in Early Childhood Education or equivalent qualifications, with two years experience and must be approved by the Director under the Day Nurseries Act. One staff with a diploma in Early Childhood Education or equivalent qualifications must be hired for each group of children. Health Assessments and Immunization Staff immunization/health assessment, as required by the local medical officer of health, must be completed before commencing employment. 13Number and Group Size Number of Staff required for a Day Nursery Other than a Day Nursery for Children with Disabilities proportion of Employees to Children 3 to 10 1 to 5 Maximum Number of Children in a Group 10 15 Group Age o f Children in Group Infant Toddler chthonian 18 months of age 18 months of age and over up to and including 30 months of age more than 30 months of age up to and including 5 years of age 44 months of age or over and up to and including 67 months of age as of overbearing 31 of the year 56 months of age or over and up to and including 67 months of age as of August 31 of the year 68 months of age or over as of August 31 of the year and up to and including 12 years of age Preschool 1 to 8 16 Junior Kindergarten 1 to 10 20 Senior Kindergarten 1 to 12 24 School age to 15 30 All children must be supervised by an adult at all times. Ratios are not permitted to be reduced at any time for children under 18 months of age. Ratios are not to be reduced on the tendground. 14 Where there are six or more children over 18 months of age or four or more children under 18 months of age in attending, there must be at least two adults on the premise. Staff/child ratios may be reduced to 2/3 of t he required ratios during the periods of arrival and departure of children and during the rest period, with the sideline exceptions when children are under 18 months of age on the cope withground with any age group In a full day program operating six or more hours in a day, for the purposes of staffing, the period of arrival is not to exceed two hours after the arising and the period of departure is not to exceed two hours before the closing of the day nursery. In half day nursery school programs and school age programs, the period of arrival is not to exceed 30 minutes after the opening and the period of departure is not to exceed 30 minutes before the closing of the day nursery. Criminal Reference Checks Individuals and directors of a corporation applying for new licences will be required to submit a iniquitous reference book check to their local Ministry of Children and Youth Services Regional Office as part of the licence application.In preparation for the initial licens ing visit, the operator of the day nursery is required to develop a criminal reference check policy for all full and part time staff working with the children, as well as for volunteers. Additional information about the Ministry of Children and Youth Services criminal reference check policy is available from Regional Offices. Building and Accommodation Each day nursery must comply with the requirements of relevant local authorities i. e. zoning and building department, medical officer of health and fire department comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002, O. Reg. 170/03, where applicable.These provisions only apply to designated facilities with drinking pissing systems where 15 the water is not provided through service connections with a municipal residential water system. The requirements of this regulation are available from the Ministry of the milieus website at http//www. ene. gov. on. ca/envision/gp/5361e. pdf comply with the requirements for lead flushing and water sample testing (where applicable) under the Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002, O. Reg. 243/07. The requirements of this regulation are available from the Ministry of the Environments website at http//www. ontario. ca/ONT/portal51/drinkingwater/General? docId= 177450&lang=en comply with the requirements of the Smoke-Free OntarioAct have designated spaces for washing, toileting and separate entrepot areas for toys, scarper materials and equipment have designated space for eating and resting, preparation of food if prepared on premises or a food service area if food is catered (prepared off premises by a food catering company and delivered to the centre), a fenced playground (see page 15), storage for beds, a staff rest area and an office area if the program operates for six or more hours have play space of at least 2. 8 square metres (30 square feet) of unobstructed floor space for each child, based on the licensed capacity have separate play activity rooms for each age grouping. A separate sleep area for infants is also required have rooms on or at a lower place the second floor where the rooms are for children under six years of age have a clear window glass area equivalent to 10% of the available floor area for each play activity room for a program that operates for six or more hours in a day. 16 Equipment and Furnishings Each day nursery must have an adequate number of toys, equipment and furnishings for the licensed capacity.The toys, equipment and furnishings must be age appropriate and include sufficient numbers for rotation as well as for gross- take activity in the playground area infant and toddler diapering areas that are adjacent to a entomb cribs or cradles that meet the requirements of the Hazardous Products Act, for infants, and cots for older children equipment and furnishings which are maintained in a safe and livid condition and kept in a good state of repair a telephone or an alternative means of obtaining com pulsion assistance that is approved by the Director Where children are transported in a day nursery vehicle, child seating and restraint systems are used that meet the requirements of the bridle-path relations Act, O. Reg. 613.Policies and Procedures every(prenominal) operator must develop the adjacent policies and procedures Fire evacuation procedures Sanitary practices Serious event policy, including child abuse reporting procedures Criminal reference check policy Medication policy Behaviour management policy, including monitoring procedures and contravention policies 17 Program arguing/parent handbook Playground safety policy Anaphylactic policy, including an individual plan for each child with a severe allergy and the emergency procedures to be followed. Playground Requirements Programs operating six or more hours in a day require outdoor play space equivalent to 5. 6 square metres (60 square feet) per child, based on licensed capacity. The playground must be s ub-divided if licensed capacity is over 64 children at ground level and adjacent to the premise designed so that staff can maintain constant supervision. If used by children under 44 months of age as of August 31 of the year, the playground must be fenced to a minimum height of 1. 2m (4 feet) and furnished with one or more render that can be securely closed at all times. If used by children 44 months of age and up to an including 67 month of age as of August 31 of the year (children eligible to attend junior and senior kindergarten), the playground is fenced to a minimum height of 1. 2 metres and the fence is furnished with one or more gates that are securely closed at all times, unless otherwise approved by the Director. Fixed playground structures (i. e. limbing equipment, slides) are not required by the Day Nurseries Act however, if the operator intends to install fixed play structures, the structures and safety surfacing must meet current Canadian Standards sleeper stand ards. The current Canadian Standards Associations (CSA) Standard applies to new and newly renovated playground equipment, and 18 safety surfacing. The CSA Standards also set out the requirements for routine maintenance and inspections. Playground plans indicating the type and location of fixed structures as well as the type and area of safety surfacing must be approved by the ministry before installation. Once play structures and surfacing are installed, compliance with the CSA standards must be verified in writing by an fencesitter certified playground inspector before the structures can be used by the children.Inspections Copies of fire and health inspections are to be sent to the Ministry of Children and Youth Services program advisor and kept on turn on at the day nursery. Insurance Requirements The operator must have comprehensive general liability insurance coverage and personal tarnish coverage for all staff and volunteers. All vehicles owned by the operator and use d for transportation of staff and children must have motor vehicle insurance. Fire Safety and Emergency Information A fire safety plan must be approved by the local fire department. A written evacuation procedure, approved by the fire department, must be posted in each room. Staff are to be instructed on their responsibilities in the event of fire. Monthly fire drills must be conducted and written records of drills maintained. Tests of the fire alarm system and fire protection equipment (as required under the Ontario Fire Code) must be conducted and written records of test results maintained. 19 There must be a designated place of emergency shelter. An up-to-date list of emergency telephone numbers including the fire department, hospital, ambulance service, poison control centre, jurisprudence department and a taxi service must be posted where they can be slow accessed. Medical and emergency contact information for each child must be accessible. Health and Medical Supervisi on A daily written log that includes health and safety incidents is required. Any instructions or recommendations do by the fire department, public health department or other regulatory bodies must be implemented and recorded. Sanitary practices and procedures must be approved by Ministry. Children must be immunize consort to the requirements of the local medical officer of health, unless a fully authorized exemption is on file. Before each child begins to play with others, a daily observation of the childs health is required. An ill child must be separated from others and arrangements made for the child to be taken home or for immediate medical attention, if required. Serious occurrence procedures must be in place and the Ministry of Children and Youth Services notified of any occurrence.A serious occurrence includes such things as the death of a child, a serious injury, alleged abuse/mistreatment of a child, a missing child, a disaster on the premises (e. g. fire) or a serious complaint. 20 A written anaphylactic policy is in place that includes A system to reduce the risk of exposure to anaphylactic errhine agents A communication plan for the provision of information on lifethreatening allergies, including anaphylactic allergies An individual plan for each child with an anaphylactic allergy that includes emergency procedures in respect of the child Staff, students and volunteers have received training on procedures to be followed if a child has an anaphylactic reaction. A first aid kit and manual must be readily available. A written procedure approved by a qualified medical practitioner regarding the giving and recording of medicine is required. The procedure should include the storage of medication (e. g. medication must be stored in a locked container). If a child has or may have a reportable disease or is or may be infected with a communicable disease, this is reported to the medical officer of health as soon as possible. Cats and dogs on the premises must be inoculated against rabies. Nutrition Infants are to be fed correspond to written parental instructions. Food and drink from home must be labelled with the childs name. All food and drink must be stored to maintain uttermost nutritive value. Meals and snacks must meet the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act. Canadas Food Guide provides useful information about nutrition. 21 Meals are to be provided where a day nursery operates for 6 or more hours each day or where the daily program operates less than 6 hours each day and operates over the meal time. This generally refers to the provision of lunch as the mid-day meal. In day nurseries that offer care over extended hours, this may mean that breakfast and/or dinner are also provided. With the approval of a ministry Director, children 44 months of age or over as of August 31 of the year may bring bag lunches.Written policies and procedures with guidelines for bag lunches should be both posted and pr ovided to parents. Menus must be posted with substitutions noted. Childrens food allergies must be posted in the kitchen and in all rooms where food is served. Special pabulumary arrangements for individual children are to be carried out according to written instructions of parents. Behaviour Management Corporal punishment is not allowed under any circumstances. The following are not permitted deliberate harsh or degrading measures that would lower or undermine a childs self respect deprivation of food, shelter, clothing or bedding confining a child in a locked room exits locked for the purpose of confinement. Written behaviour management policies and procedures which guide centre staff in managing childrens behaviour are to be reviewed annually by the operator. The operator is required to review the policies and procedures with employees and volunteers or students before they begin working, and annually thereafter. These policies must set out permitted and prohibited beh aviour 22 management practices and measures to deal with any contraventions of the policy. There must be a signed, written record of all reviews, and a written procedure for monitoring behaviour management practices of employees, students and volunteers, and a record kept of this monitoring.Enrolment Records Up to date enrolment records for all children in attendance must be on site at all times and be available to the Ministry of Children and Youth Services. These records include, in part, an application, immunization records, emergency information, names of persons to whom the child may be released, parental instructions regarding rest, diet or exercise. Daily attendance records that indicate a childs arrival, departure and absence from the program are required. The medical officer of health or designate such as the public health nurse is permitted to inspect childrens records to ensure that all required immunizations are up to date.Program In order to ensure that the progra m offered is age and developmentally appropriate for the age of the children being served, the following is required a written program philosophical system statement which is reviewed annually by the operator and with parents prior to enrolling their child a program statement which includes services, age range, times when the services are offered, holidays, fees, admission and discharge policies, program philosophy, program development, personal and health care, nutrition, parental involvement and 23 behaviour management, specialized services and activities off the premises varied, flexible and age appropriate programs that include quiet and active play, individual and group activities which are designed to crusade gross and fine motor skills, language and cognitive skills, and social and emotional development, and a daily program plan posted and available to parents with any variations to the program recorded in the daily log.In addition Any infants not able to walk are to b e separated from other children during active indoor and outdoor play periods Children under 30 months of age are to be separated from older children during active indoor and outdoor play periods Children who attend for six or more hours in a day and are over 30 months of age shall have at least two hours of outdoor play, stomach permitting Children who attend for six or more hours in a day and are under 30 months of age shall be outside for sleep or play, for up to two hours, weather permitting Children who attend for six or more hours in a day and who are between the ages of 18 months and five years shall have a rest period, not hourlong than two hours following lunch A child under 44 months of age as of August 31 of the year who is unable to sleep is not to be kept in a bed (cot) for long-lived than one hour, after which the child is allowed to get up and participate in quiet activities A child 44 months of age or over and up to and including 67 months of age as of Augus t 31 of the year and who is unable to sleep during the rest period is permitted to engage in quiet activities. 24 DAY NURSERIES ACT SUMMARY OF LICENSING REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIVATE-HOME DAY CARE AGENCIES Private-home day care agencies provide home child care at more than one location. Care in each location is provided to five children or less under 10 years of age in a private residence other than the home of the parent/guardian of the child. Homes are monitored by the agency. Organization and Management Each private-home day care agency is required to employ one home visitor for every twenty-five homes.The home visitor must have completed a post-secondary program of studies in child development and family studies (for example a diploma in Early Childhood Education or a Degree in Child Studies), have a least two years experience and must be approved by the Director under the Day Nurseries Act. Home visitors provide support to providers who are required to follow the agencies approved p olicies and procedures and meet the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act. They are responsible for the recruitment, evaluation and monitoring of providers and the care they offer. Home visitors also meet with parents and providers to establish the most suitable placement for a child and facilitate ongoing communication with parents.Numbers of Children In each home that has been approved by the agency The number of children receiving child care must not exceed 5 children The number of children under 6 years in the providers home, including the providers own, may not exceed a total of 5 children The following number of children in each of the following classifications cannot be exceeded at any one time 25 two handicapped children two children, who are under 2 years of age three children, who are under 3 years of age one handicapped child and one child who is under 2 years of age one handicapped child and two children who are over 2 years of age but under three years of age. W here the children of the provider are under the age of six years, they must be counted in the allowable age mix of children listed above however, the provider may still have five child care children in addition to her own by caring for some school age children. For example, a provider who has three children of her own under five years may, in addition, provide care for five child care children, if at least three of these children are over the age of six. With the approval of the agency, school age children up to and including the age of 12 years may be accommodated along with younger children where appropriate. Agency placed children over the age of 10 years must be counted in the uniform way as other children, i. e. , there can be a total of only five placements with one provider.Example groupings of the number of allowable children Privatehome day care child Under 2 years 2 1 2 1 2 Privatehome day care child Under 3 years Privatehome day care child 3 to under 6 years 1 2 2 3 P rivatehome day care child Over 6 years providers children Under 6 years Providers children over 6 years (not counted in allowable number of children) 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 Private-home day care child includes children placed by the private-home day care agency as well as any children receiving care through private arrangements between the provider and the childs parent/guardian. 26 Every private-home day care agency establishes a maximum capacity for each home in compliance with the Day Nurseries Act.Criminal Reference Checks Individuals and directors of a corporation applying for new licences will be required to submit a criminal reference check to their local Ministry of Children and Youth Services Regional Office, as part of the licence application. In preparation for the initial licensing visit, the operator of the private-home day care agency is required to develop a criminal reference check policy for all staff and providers working with the children, as well as for any volunteer s and other persons regularly on the premises where care is being provided. Additional information about the Ministry of Children and Youth Services criminal reference check policy is available from Regional Offices. Building and Accommodation The buildings and accommodation must comply with municipal bylaws, health, fire and zoning requirements. Private-home day care locations must comply with the requirements of the Smoke-Free Ontario Act. Equipment and Furnishings Suitable indoor and outdoor play equipment is required for the number and developmental needs of the children enrolled. Cribs or cradles that meet the requirements of the Hazardous Products Act are required for infants, and cots and beds for older children. All equipment must be maintained in a safe and clean condition and kept in good repair. outdoorsy play must be supervised and planned in consultation with the home visitor and the childs parent. Poisonous and hazardous materials are to be inaccessible to child ren. 27 Firearms and ammunition are to be kept locked and inaccessible to children. Where a private-home day care operator or private-home day care provider transports child in a vehicle, child seating and restraint systems are used that meet the requirements of the Highway Traffic Act, O. Reg. 613. Working smoke alarms are installed near all sleeping areas at the location and on every storey of the providers home that does not have a sleeping area. Policies and Procedures Every operator must develop the following policies and procedures Fire evacuation procedures Sanitary practices Serious occurrence policy, including child abuse reporting procedures Anaphylactic policy, including an individual plan for each child with a severe allergy and the emergency procedures to be followed. Criminal reference check policy Medication policy Behaviour management policy, including monitoring procedures and contravention policy Home visitor and provider training and development policy P rogram statement/parent handbook. Inspections Copies of fire and health inspections are to be sent to the Ministry of Children and Youth Services program advisor and kept on file at the head office of the private-home day care agency. 28 Insurance Requirements The operator must have comprehensive general liability coverage and personal injury coverage for all staff and providers. All vehicles owned by the operator must have motor vehicle insurance. Health and Medical Supervision Instructions or recommendations from the local Public Health discussion section must be implemented. Sanitary practices and procedures must be approved by the Ministry. Children are to be immunised as recommended by the local medical officer of health. Each day, before each child begins to play with others, an observation of the childs health is required. An ill child must be separated from others and arrangements made for the child to be taken home or for immediate medical attention, if required. Serious occurrence procedures must be in place and the Ministry of Children and Youth Services notified of any occurrence. A serious occurrence includes such things as the death of a child, a serious injury, alleged abuse/mistreatment of a child, a missing child, a disaster on the premises (e. g. fire) or a serious complaint. A written anaphylactic policy is in place that includes A strategy to reduce the risk of exposure to anaphylactic causative agents A communication plan for the provision of information on lifethreatening allergies, including anaphylactic allergies An individual plan for each child with an anaphylactic allergy that includes emergency procedures in respect of the child 29 Home visitors, providers, residents, students and volunteers have received training on procedures to be followed if a child has an anaphylactic reaction. A first aid kit and manual must be readily available. A written procedure approved by a qualified medical practitioner regarding the giv ing and recording of medication is required. The procedure should include the storage of medication (e. g. tored in a location that is inaccessible to children). Cats and dogs on the premises must be inoculated against rabies. Nutrition Infants are to be fed according to written parental instructions. Food and drink that is brought from home is to be labelled with the childs name. All food and drink must be stored to maintain maximum nutritive value. Meals and snacks must meet the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act. Canadas Food Guide provides useful information about nutrition. wholesome between-meal snacks are to be provided for each child one year of age or over that promote good dental health and will not interfere with a childs appetite for meal time. Meals are to be provided where a private-home day care location provides care for 6 or more hours each day or where care is provided for less than 6 hours each day and over the meal time. This generally refers to the pro vision of lunch as the mid-day meal. In locations that offer care over extended hours, this may mean that breakfast and/or dinner are also provided. With the approval of a ministry Director, children 44 months of age or over as of August 31 of the year may bring bag lunches. Written 30 Menus are to be planned in consultation with parents and the home visitor. Special dietary arrangements for individual children are to be carried out according to written instructions of parents. Behaviour Management Corporal punishment is not allowed under any circumstances. The following are not permitted Deliberate harsh or degrading measures that would humiliate or undermine a childs self respect Deprivation of food, shelter, clothing or bedding check a child in a locked room, and Exits locked for the purpose of confinement. Written behaviour management policies and procedures for providers management of childrens behaviour must be reviewed annually by the operator and with each provider , volunteers, students and any persons regularly on the premises where care is being provided. These policies must set out permitted and prohibited behaviour management practices and measures to deal with any contraventions of the policy. There must be a signed, written record of all reviews, and a written procedure for monitoring behaviour management practices of providers, students, volunteers and any persons regularly on the premises, and a record kept of this monitoring. 31 Enrolment Records Up to date enrolment records for all children in attendance must be on site at all times and be available to the Ministry of Children and Youth Services. This record includes, in part, an application, immunization, emergency information, names of persons to whom the child may be released, parental instructions regarding rest, diet or exercise). A record of each childs daily attendance is required. Local medical officer of health or designate such as the public health nurse is permitted to inspect records to ensure that all required immunizations are up to date.Program In order to ensure that the program offered is age and developmentally appropriate for the age of the children being served the following is required a written program philosophy statement which is to be reviewed annually by the operator and with parents prior to enrolling their child a program statement which includes services, age range, fees, particular approach to program, parental involvement and behaviour management varied, flexible and age appropriate programs must be planned which include quiet and active play as well as individual and group activities that are designed to promote gross and fine motor skills, language and cognitive skills, and social and emotional development, and the program of activities is to be made available to parents.In addition Each child who is in attendance for six or more hours in a day and is over 30 months of age is required to have daily outdoor activities. 32 Each child under 30 months of age in attendance for six or more hours in a day is required to be outdoors for sleep or play or both for up to two hours each day, weather permitting. Each child who is in attendance for six or more hours in a day and is between 18 months and five years is required to have a rest period not exceeding 2 hours following lunch. A child under 44 months of age as of August 31 of the year who is unable to sleep is not to be kept in bed (cot/playpen) for longer than one hour and is allowed to get up and participate in quiet activities. A child 44 months of age or over and up to and including 67 months of age as of August 31 of the year and who is unable to sleep during the rest period is permitted to engage in quiet activities. Health Assessments or Immunization Providers and persons (including the providers own children) regularly on the premises must be immunized as recommended by the local medical officer of health, unless a fully authorized exempt ion in on file. 33 CONCLUSION The Ministry of Children and Youth Services vision is an Ontario where all children and youth have the best luck to succeed and reach their full potential. Child care is an important support to families, healthy child development and school readiness.The licensing requirements exist to support a system where children are cared for in a safe, nurturing and stimulating environment. The information provided in this package will assist you in understanding the licensing requirements for child care in Ontario. This package is only an overview of the process. If you decide to apply for a licence to operate either a day nursery or a private-home day care agency, contact the Ministry of Children and Youth Services Regional Office in your area for more detailed information. The Regional Office staff will be pleased to assist and support you in establishing your child care program. 34 supplement 1 Glossary of TermsChild Care Service System Managers The municipal ities and district social service administration boards which are responsible for the management of the delivery of child care services. Premises that receive more than five children under 10 years of age, not of common parentage, for a continuous period not more than 24 hours for temporary care and guidance. The Ministry also licenses day nurseries for children with a developmental disability up to the age of 18 years. An employee of the Ministry appointed by the Minister as a Director for all or any of the purposes under the Day Nurseries Act. Ministry of Children and Youth Services. Minister of the Ministry of Children and Youth Services An individual or corporation who holds the licence.A person or corporation that provides private home day care at more than one location. The self employed person in charge of the children in a location where private-home day care is provided who is directly responsible for planning and implementing a daily program. A ministry employee, designate d under section 16 of the Day Nurseries Act to inspect licensed child care programs and follow up on complaints about unlicensed child care. Ministry offices located in geographical areas across the province. Day Nursery Director Ministry Minister Operator Private-Home Day Care Agency Private-Home Day Care Provider Program Advisor Regional Offices 35 APPENDIX 2Things to look into before applying for a licence to operate a day nursery or a private-home day care agency NOTE It is recommended that you do not purchase or lease premises for a day nursery until you have reviewed this information, taken the steps as outlined and consulted with the ministry about your specific plans. Obtain a copy of the Day Nurseries Act to become familiar with the regulations governing the operation of a licensed day nursery or a privatehome day care agency. A copy of the Day Nurseries Act is available from Publications Ontario, 777 Bay route, Market Level, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C8 or by calling 416-585 -7485 or 1-800-668-9938.The Day Nurseries Act can also be viewed on the ministrys website at http//www. children. gov. on. ca by following the links to Legislation. Assess the need for service within the area in which you intend to operate. This could include contacting existing agencies and/or child care centres to discuss the possible need for additional licensed child care services and surveying the community where you would like to establish your service. blab out with your fire, health and municipal zoning and building inspection departments for information regarding any site specific requirements for scratch line a day nursery or a private-home day care agency. These telephone numbers are available in the blue pages of your telephone directory.Prepare a basic budget based on expenses such as staff salaries and benefits, provider payments, play equipment, food, insurance and office expenses such as rent, taxes, utilities, telephone and swan charges. If you wish to operate a day nursery, determine what it would cost to renovate the space, indoors and outdoors in order to meet the requirements of the Day Nurseries Act and requirements of fire, health, and the building code. Ministry approval of the floor plans which include any proposed changes to the premises must be obtained prior to application for a building permit. Building permits issued by the municipal Building Department must be obtained prior any renovations being made. Call the MCYS Regional Office in your area for more detailed information and for assistance with the licensing process.Contact your local Child Care Service System Manager to find out about the child care services that are currently being delivered in your area. Examine their local child care plan to see what services are being planned and 36 developed. The addresses of the Child Care Service System Managers are included in this package. APPENDIX 3 Ministry of Children and Youth Services (MCYS) shareAL OFFICES MCYS Toro nto Region 477 Mount Pleasant Rd, 3rd Floor, Toronto ON M7A 1G1 Tel (416) 325-0652 MCYS commutation East Region 465 Davis Drive, Newmarket ON L3Y 8T2 Tel (905) 868-8900 chime Free1-877-669-6658 MCYS commutation westmost Region 6733 Mississauga Rd. entourage 200 Mississauga ON L5N 6J5 Tel (905) 567-7177 ext. 245 ships bell Free 1-877-832-2818 MCYS Hamilton/Niagara Region 119 King St. W. , 7th floor Hamilton ON L8P 4Y7 Tel (905) 521-7344 Toll Free 1-800-561-0568 MCYS Northern Region 199 Larch St. , Suite 1002 Sudbury ON P3E 5P9 Tel (705) 564-6699 Toll Free1-800-265-1222 MCYS South West Region 217 York St. , Suite 203 London ON N6A 5R1 Tel (519) 438-5111 Toll Free 1-800-265-4197 MCYS South East Region 11 Beechgrove Lane Kingston ON K7M 9A6 Tel (613) 545-0539 Toll Free1-800-646-3209 MCYS Eastern Region 347 Preston St. , 3rd floor capital of Canada ON K1S 3H8 Tel (613) 787-5281 Toll Free1-800-667-6190 MCYS North East Region 621 Main St.West North Bay ON P1B 2V6 Tel (705) 474-3540 Toll Free1-800-461-6977 37 APPENDIX 4 CHILD CARE SERVICE SYSTEM MANAGERS interchange EAST kingdom urban center of Kawartha Lakes 322 Kent Street West PO niche 2600 Lindsay ON K9V 4S7 (705) 324-9870 County of Northumberland 860 William Street Cobourg ON K9A 3A9 (905) 372-6846 city of Peterborough 178 Charlotte Street Peterborough ON K9J 8S1 (705) 748-8830 County of Simcoe Administration Centre 1110 Hwy 26 West Midhurst ON L0L 1X0 (705) 735-6901 Regional Municipality of York 17250 Yonge Street PO Box 147 Newmarket ON L3Y 6Z1 (905) 895-1231 Regional Municipality of Durham 605 Rossland Road East Whitby ON L1N 6A3 (905) 668-7711 aboriginal WEST REGION County of Dufferin 229 Broadway Ave. Unit 4 Orangeville ON L9W 1K4 (519) 941-6991 Regional Municipality of Peel 3515 Wolfedale Road Mississauga ON L5C 1V8 (905) 791-1585 County of hessian 21 Douglas Street Guelph ON N1H 2S7 (519) 837-3620 Regional Municipality of Halton 690 Dorval Drive, 5th Floor Oakville ON L6M 3L1 (905) 825-6000 Region al Municipality of Waterloo P. O. Box 1612 99 Regina Street South, 5th Floor Waterloo ON N2J 4G6 (519) 883-2177 38 EASTERN REGION City of Cornwall 360 Pitt Street, PO Box 877 Cornwall ON K6H 5T9 (613) 932-6252 County of Renfrew 9 International Drive Pembroke ON K8A 6W5 (613) 735-7288 City of Ottawa 100 Constellation rounded Ottawa ON K2G 6J8 (613) 580-2424 United Counties of Prescott & Russell 59, Court Street P. O. Box 304 LOriginal ON K0B 1K0 (613) 675-4661 HAMILTON NIAGARACity of Brantford 220 Clarence Street Brantford ON N3R 3T5 (519) 756-3150 Norfolk County 12 Gilbertson Drive PO Box 570 Simcoe ON N3Y 4L1 (519) 426-6170 ex 3736 City of Hamilton 4 Hughson Street South, Suite 201 Hamilton ON L8N 3Z1 (905) 546-2424 ex. 4120 Regional Municipality of Niagara 2201 St. Davids Road PO Box 344 Thorold ON L2V 3Z3 (905) 984-6900 ex 3823 NORTH EAST REGION partition of Cochrane Social Services Administration Board The 101 Mall 38 Pine Street North, Unit 120 Timmins ON P4N 6K6 (705) 268-77 22 Toll Free 1-877-259-7722 District Municipality of Muskoka 70 Pine Street Bracebridge ON P1L 1N3 (705) 645-2412 Toll Free 1-800-461-4215District of Nipissing Social Services Administration Board 200 McIntyre Street East, 3rd floor PO Box 750 North Bay ON P1B 8J8 (705) 474-2151 District of Parry Sound Social Services Administration Board 76 Church Street, 2nd floor Parry Sound ON P2A 1Z1 (705) 746-7777 Toll Free 1-800-461-4464 39 Toll Free 1-877-829-5121 District of Timiskaming Social Services Administration Board 29 Duncan Avenue North PO Box 310 Kirkland Lake ON P2N 3H7 (705) 567-9366 Toll Free 1-888-544-5555 NORTHERN REGION Algoma District Services Administration Board RR 1 1 Collver Rd. Thessalon ON P0R 1L0 (705) 842-3370 District of Thunder Bay Social Services Administration Board 34 N Cumberland St. 5th Floor Thunder Bay ON P7A 8B9 (807) 684-2155 Manitoulin-Sudbury District Social Services Administration Board 210 Mead Boulevard Espanola ON P5E 1R9 (705) 862-7850 The City of Greater Sudbury PO Box 5000, Station A Sudbury ON P3A 5W5 (705) 673-2171 District of Sault Ste. Marie Social Services Administration Board one hundred eighty Brock Street Sault Ste. Marie ON P6A 3B7 (705) 541-7300 Kenora District Services Board 211 Princess Street, Suite 1 Dryden ON P8N 3L5 (807) 223-2100 Rainy River District Social Services Administration Board 450 Scott Street Fort Frances ON P9A 1H2 (807) 274-5349 SOUTH EAST REGION City of Kingston 362 Montreal Street Kingston ON K7K 3H5 (613) 546-2695 County of Lanark P. O. Box 37 99 Sunset Blvd. County of battle of Hastings P. O.Box 6300 Belleville ON K8N 5E2 (613) 966-8032 County of Prince Edward, Lennox and Addington 97 doubting Thomas Street East 40 Perth ON K7H 3E2 (613) 267-4200 United Counties of Leeds and Grenville 25 Central Avenue West Suite 200 Brockville ON K6V 4N6 (613) 342-3840 Napanee ON K7R 3S9 (613) 354-4883 SOUTH WEST REGION City of London Child Care Services 151 Dundas Street, 4th Floor P. O. Box 5045 London O N N6A 4L6 (519) 661-2500, Ext. 5895 City of Stratford 82 Erie Street Stratford ON N5A 2M4 (519) 271-3773, Ext. 243 County of Bruce PO Box 399 30 Park Street Walkerton ON N0G 2V0 (519) 881-0431, Ext. 234 County of Huron Jacob story Building 77722D London Road RR 5 Clinton ON N0M 1L0 (519) 482-8505, Ext. 01 County of Oxford 40 Metcalfe Street Woodstock ON N4S 3E7 (519) 539-5656, Ext. 248 City of St. Thomas St. Thomas/Elgin Ontario Works 423 Talbot Street St. Thomas ON N5P 1C1 (519) 631-9350, Ext. 128 City of Windsor 215 Talbot Street East Leamington ON N8H 3X5 (519) 322-3522 County of hoar 595-9th Avenue East Owen Sound ON N4K 3E3 (519) 376-7324 County of Lambton Community & Health Services 160 Exmouth Street closure Edward ON N7T 7Z6 (519) 383-6231, Ext. 242 Municipality of Chatham-Kent 435 Grand Avenue West PO Box 1230 Chatham ON N7M 5L8 (519) 351-1228, Ext. 2130 TORONTO REGION City of Toronto Childrens Services Division 55 John Street, Station 1102 41 10th Floor, Metro Hall Toro nto ON M5V 3C6 (416) 392-5437 42